International Trade Essay Example for Free

Global Trade Essay Organized commerce is an understanding between at least two nations to take out taxes on all exchange exchanges that are occurring between them. The ongoing sorts of understandings don't just shorten the impedance of governments that are liable for imposing the different duties and charges, yet there are more responsibilities remembered for the understandings, for example, customs co-activity, the security of licensed innovation, outside direct speculation and different variables that will improve business between those that consent to the liberated exchange arrangement (FTA) (Groomsman and Helpmate, 1995). Among numerous favorable circumstances such understandings introduce, it had been conceivable to coordinate the economies of the members of the unhindered commerce understandings that will profit shared advantages, for example, expanded fare decisions. Bringing in nations will likewise have more options of items to import. Besides, the law of co-usable preferred position expresses that members in FTAs consistently accomplish shared addition from trading merchandise and ventures (Krugman, 1991). When there is an organized commerce understanding between at least two nations, what happens is the value the individuals from the member nations are paying are the result of genuine gracefully and request, in their turn they would be answerable for figuring out what sort of asset portion ought to be utilized. One thing that recognizes free exchanges from different sorts of exchanges is none of the members are permitted to present any sort of fake evaluating as a result of protectionism inclination, where governments can't mediate to modify flexibly and request by presenting limitations that could raise or cut down the cost of merchandise and enterprises. The primary point of organized commerce is to dispose of such protectionism inclinations so what will figure out what ought to be purchased and sold and at what cost would be request and gracefully (Landsburg, 2005). At the point when that isn't the situation governments can generally mediate by presenting endowments, duties, charges, and non-tax hindrances where they can present enactment or quantities, or it is workable for at least two governments to think of respective or multilateral understandings that permit a particular treatment for the members in particular, by prohibiting others to exploit what such understandings involve. When there is a reciprocal or multilateral understanding between nations the initial step is taking out all charges and taxes (Hoda, 2002). Be that as it may, reciprocal understandings that occur between two nations don't matter for different nations where if the two nations could concur among themselves about what sort of levy and duty to present, those understandings apply just to those two nations. On the off chance that the understanding is multilateral and between at least three nations the settled upon taxes and burdens apply just to those partaking nations, while others whether it is a two-sided or multilateral understanding are not members will consistently pay the routinely required levies and assessments. The administrations of such nations that have FTA between them are allowed to present any sort of exchange hindrances on others in any way, shape or form that fills them a need. Consequently, it is conceivable to take a gander at numerous two-sided and multilateral understandings around the globe where for instance the US and Canada used to have a respective understanding between them before Mexico was included and the understanding called NAFTA came into the image which was a multilateral understanding between the three nations. This doesn't mean different brokers that are exchanging with these three nations will get comparable sort of particular treatment, for example, no hindrances on exchanges and administrations between the three nations, the execution of exchange misshaping strategies, for example, the presentation of duties, sponsorships, laws and guidelines that will benefit unique favorable circumstances for the individuals from one of the merchants. These three exchanging accomplices have free access to each other’s advertise, which doesn't mean others will have a comparable access. It doesn't mean the multilateral understandings between the three nations will keep them from making another respective or multilateral concurrences with different nations since for instance the US has numerous reciprocal and multilateral exchange concurrence with nations that don't have any topographical vicinity to it demonstrating that two-sided and multilateral understandings are not constrained by locale (Reizeman, 1999). Different courtesies such exchanging accomplices have available to them, regardless of whether they are reciprocal or multilateral, notwithstanding having free access to each others’ markets, simply dependent on request and flexibly they could likewise permit each other to approach a free market data, which is indispensable to settling on educated choices. Legislatures of exchanging individuals are not permitted to take part in an administration forced restraining infrastructure or oligopoly power, albeit private areas can have an imposing business model or oligopoly as indicated by what the counter trust laws permit. Other improvement among such nations is there is a free development of work, just as capital. In this manner, when taking a gander at the dissimilarities of two-sided and multilateral understandings there are numerous components that assume jobs, in light of the fact that the majority of all, what sort of particular treatment the members are permitting each other is the main factor (Goyal and Joshi, 2006). This implies two reciprocal nations could deny that particular treatment to different nations, yet on the off chance that they are in multilateral understanding, they can't separate among the part regardless of how much their number is. On the off chance that a nation is an individual from the World Trade Organization that requires every one of its individuals to permit each other a special treatment so as to encourage exchange must choose between limited options other than to permit to all individuals comparable particular treatment. In any case, the exemption is that for instance dependent on topographical district or in any case if there is a reciprocal understanding they could give exceptional special treatment for the exchanging accomplice in the event that they thought that it was valuable to do as such without benefiting the equivalent particular treatment to their other respective, multilateral or WTO individuals accomplices. This implies both respective and multilateral understandings dependent on any shared advantage for the members are permitted by WTO for its individuals, the main prerequisite being an intentional warning of the presence such an understanding along these lines, that a straightforwardness of what is occurring will win. Thus, there are two-sided understandings that happen between two nations, multilateral understandings that typically require multiple nations and the enrollment of WTO is additionally multilateral since the conspicuous number of the members is many. This implies aside from that a two-sided understanding is an exceptionally straightforward type of such facilitated commerce understandings, there is nothing that makes it diverse in multifaceted nature than comparative multilateral understandings (Friedman, 1997). A genuine guide to refer to is cost where in a two-sided understanding the accessible interest and gracefully decide the cost of products and enterprises. The main issue with such an understanding is if there is another nation that sells what a given nation purchases from a respective accomplice a lot less expensive. In a circumstance like this it is a given that the other nation needs to exploit the less expensive cost, however since there is no understanding there are taxes and duties to add available cost of the merchandise that will in any case make the two-sided accomplices products and ventures ideal as a result of the nonattendance of levy and duty. So as to exploit that modest value the specific nation should begin a facilitated commerce concurrence with the other accomplice that will be muddled and tedious. This shows one nation can have a respective concurrence with at least two nations or it is conceivable to make a multilateral understanding among all members and this sort of understanding is regular among those that live in a given geological district, as bore witness to by the quantity of local free exchanges (Bhagwati, 2002). However, that means unhindered commerce is restricted to a specific example since it can take numerous structures. It very well may be reciprocal dependent on what the two nations concur, multilateral dependent on the taking an interest nations concur that don't really ought to have land closeness, for example, the US has a two-sided concurrence with Israel, Jordan, Chile, Singapore, Australia and more and Australia has numerous two-sided exchange concurrence with numerous Asian nations that doesn't influence the connection it has with different nations in light of the fact that every member gets certain preferred position from the respective arrangement they are making. The most widely recognized FTA used to be among nations in a similar locale yet that is evolving (Levy, 19997). Taking a gander at global multilateral understandings, for example, the individuals from the WTO uncovers that there are in excess of 160 nations that have disposed of exchange obstructions among themselves and are permitting comparative special treatment for one another, while they are permitted to go into any sort of two-sided or multilateral exchange game plan with different nations and make particular treatment that they don't need to permit to different individuals from WTO, where what isn't permitted isn't to separate among individuals (Pugel, 2003) (Aghion et al, 2007). One other difference will be the opposition will be diverse when multilateral nations are exchanging with one another with no duty and tax hindrances dependent on request and flexibly, where the decisions of the members will be more and can purchase from the individuals who are offering the most reduced cost without taking part in dumping (Bagwell and Staiger, 1997). Dumping consistently makes challenges since it is consistently the result of endowments that for the most part begin from governments that had marked not to intercede in the market using any and all means (Brander and Krugman, 1983). World Trade Organization (WTO) WTO is a worldwide association that advances facilitated commerce by working with its individuals to empower them nullify duties and assessments so that there will be u

Morgan Stanley free essay sample

The difficulties looked by Morgan Stanley as John Mack accept a position of authority were as per the following: ? inward battles were occurring at all administrative levels between divisions , as the organization at that point was part in ten divisions and every single one of it was thoroughly concentrating on benefit expansion into it’s own territory ? there were inconsistent appropriation of riches among pre and post IPO accomplices ? he firm was in a time of fast development , enhancement and globalization period , condition that put a ton of focus on individuals for the most part and the executives particularly ? customarily contention btw Fisher and Greenhill , Greenhill speaking to the enthusiasm of speculation banking division , old and moderate and Fisher being the â€Å"new wave† into the organization with it’s new divisions, for example, Sales and Marketing , Fixed Income Division - primary concern the organization was governed by exceptionally high sense of self people ? long time dynamic due to the a. . contention and absence of correspondence ? no shared objective and unquestionably not one that is imparted to the whole association †explicit objectives/division ? hesitance of the old personnel(senior mngmt) inside the Investment Banking Division to John’s Mack demeanor as a pioneer and it’s thoughts of progress ? the way that divisions needed to instruct to surrender benefit direction/division and to begin connect with the remainder of the organization and attempt to produce best results fm related organizations and normal way to deal with specific clients ? ntegrated methodology at firm level and known by all it’s individuals †to wrap things up having their dedication for arriving at the basic goal â€Å"first class business in a top notch way† Change in social estimations of the organization. We will compose a custom paper test on Morgan Stanley or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Before the organization â€Å"motto† would have been â€Å"each on his own† and now everyone ought to have confidence in like manner idea , have normal images and practices ? John Mack was a genuine social legend bcs he has begun with MS early and he was elevated because of his capabilities ideal guide to be followed ? ue to this normal administration approach , they needed to adjust to a great deal of new things : appearance of new guidelines and clear method with respect to Organization Development , acknowledgment of sort of â€Å"guru† administrators that were brought into the association by J. Mack , all around organized and conveyed association conspire , a ton of connection between division through it’s center and ranking directors . Never the less , they needed to adjust to J. Mack method of doing things : being consistently near the peoples(no meter in the event that they were officials or secretary) and requesting in a similar time 2. /Assess John Mack’s vision and qualities for Morgan Stanley? What are the key components? How unique is it from the manner in which the firm has generally worked? His vision for MS was to â€Å"be the world’s best speculation bank and the Firm of decision for our customers, our kin and our shareholders†. The key components for arriving at this vision were: the board to expect not simply the job of being a chief , additionally the job of a genuine mentor for it’s group , a channel through with best plans to stream and a hands on coach for it’s subordinates ? certain opportunity given to the workers for being imaginative and face challenges however lined up with company’s approach ? have a group arranged methodology at worldwide level ?put a genuine accentuation on individuals mainten ance and advancement. Provide clear guidance and clear correspondence inside the organization for basic targets ? quit assessing exclusively , and change the was to an aggregate assessment ? ave all out changed the mngmt conduct and get their absolute help ? have a great deal of casual collaboration and put an underline on this There is an absolute distinction between new style of administration and the former one, very; the organization had no pioneers, just administrators who were controlling the business. Recorded â€Å"way of doing things† was portrayed inside the principal answer and we can include the enlistment arrangement, the missing of clear â€Å"career path† for representatives, missing of normal and shared qualities, in any event, missing of basic destinations. . /What proposals would you make about how the procedure ought to be overhauled? We feel that the way J. Mack began is awesome by getting people groups under the equivalent â€Å"umbrella† and assembling them to wo rk to a shared objective, prize them, reward them up to their group achievements; permitting them to know each other under casual gatherings; letting the individuals to feel that they are making things occurred, getting their dedication and constraining the to collaborate and impart. An articulation ought to be placed as we would see it on strategically pitching exercises †way that best outcomes can show up fm a specific business and perhaps a revamping of the organization , dependent on industry profile of overhauled clients (e. g. for clients in item industry possibly a division ought to have been made and those workers to have the option to offer the entire scope of items and administrations to that client without to constrain the client to converse with many individuals and sign a great deal of independent agreements)- elevating the â€Å"One face to the customer† idea.

How to Write a Film Analysis Essay

How to Write a Film Analysis Essay Film Analysis Essay: From Draft to Masterpiece! Home›Education Posts›Film Analysis Essay: From Draft to Masterpiece! Education PostsThe topic of our discussion is dedicated to one of the types of essays called analytical. Judging from its name, it is logical to assume that the main principals of working on the analytical essay will include the process of analysis, examination, division, highlighting, segmentation, putting emphasis, selection, and argumentation. To cope with writing the analytical essay assignment, you are free to surf the Internet and have a look at the variety of analytical essay  example created with educational aim. However, to understand the nature of the analytical essay, one has to dig deeper and be able to distinguish and be aware of all the peculiarities of researching, analyzing, writing, and proofreading of exactly this kind of essay.How to Craft an Analytical EssayAs far as writing an analytical essay anticipates a thorough observation and informative lay out of a specific topic, point, opinion, or idea, make sure you understood a task assigned by your professor and know the direction you have to follow. Why is it important? Because depending on the task, you will have to follow the objective of rhetorical analysis, which is to focus on the text itself and discuss the parts of it in a way you explain the interaction between an author and an audience; literary analysis, which explains the influence of characters, settings, plot, and etc. on the meaning a literary work in general; process analysis, which is aimed to improve the understanding of how something operates or provide a step-by-step explanation of how something works or is done; character analysis, which is to show transformations of the main characters and discuss the reasons that led to the improvement or personal breakdown of the analyzed personality; poetry analysis, used to identify the meaning of a poem researching its content, characters, structure, and historical background; causal analysis, which requires giving the answer to the question “Why?” providing the real reasons why something happens.As it was already mentioned, understanding your task is the keystone to success of your analytical essay. Realizing the purpose of your writing assignment, you automatically know the scheme of the essay you’ll have to follow. Although, in case a professor allows you to choose a topic on your own, there is an ample choice between different kinds of analytical essays represented and explained above.So, as you’ve guessed, we are coming closer to one more important stage of working on an analytical essay, which is a prewriting stage.It consists of 4 basic steps, in particular, choosing a topic, crafting a gripping title, investigating a topic, and creating an outline:Choosing a topicIn case your professor didn’t limit your imagination with a topic for an analytical essay that he or she would prefer to read, then it is up to you to decide which one to choose. In order to cope with this task at your best, we recommend you pick up an issue you are really keen on. It would be unwise to challenge yourself with a topic you can barely understand and struggle to comprehend it while there are other topics you are good at. Use the method of brainstorm to remind yourself what you are interested in and what brings you joy. You’ll be surprised to reveal the hidden sides of your interests.Crafting a gripping titleIt is the next step in our writing an analytical essay journey. The title plays an important role in attracting the reader’s attention as serves as an introductory element. Exactly the title of your analytical essay makes that first good or bad impression on an audience. Try hard not to spoil it.Investigating a topicInvestigating a topic is a meticulous process of selection, analysis, and ordination of your thought in a logical, chronological, or any other order. Make sure you’ve examined enough resources and have gather ed more than enough strong arguments for your content.Creating an outline in comparison with other prewriting steps of working on an analytical essay consists of sub-steps which prepare and bring a student closer to the writing process. The outline of an analytical essay won’t impress you with its “uniqueness” as its skeleton is pretty much the same as the rest of outlines you’ve dealt with in your life. It includes the introduction part, the main body paragraphs, and the conclusion.In your analytical essay your aim is to prove your standpoint and, preferably, make a reader agree with you. For this reason, your introductory paragraph has to contain some background information which: introduces your topic, smoothly narrows it down to the key points you want to discuss, and thesis statement with the help of which you provocatively claim your view and inform/prepare a reader for the further discussions. Schematically, your introduction will look like this: hook sentence â€" tra nsition sentence â€" thesis statement.Speaking about the main body part, it also has its own scheme. First of all, start each your paragraph with a topic sentence which will introduce and highlight the key point of what you want to tell. Provide and analyze the evidence that explains the importance of your topic sentence and supports your thesis statement with the help of reliable sources of information. Make a small conclusion in order to summarize and emphasize the main idea of the paragraph. Here is an approximate scheme of your body paragraph that will repeat according to the number of paragraphs of your main body part: topic sentence â€" analysis â€" evidence â€" concluding sentence.Stuff your conclusion part with three or four sentences that restate, paraphrase, and summarize your thesis statement and key ideas of the main body paragraphs. Spice up your conclusion with a general tip or a good piece of advice. If you still find it difficult to arrange you outline according to t he schemes suggested above, you can always turn for help to analytical essay example on our site Order-Essays.com available on the Internet.If you are still reading, congratulation then! You proceed to the next stage of working on an analytical essay assignment. If you’ve followed all the tips described in the prewriting stage, you are in the homestretch. What you need to do is to stick to your outline and express your thoughts on paper. Try building consistent, logical transitions from one part to another, from one paragraph to the following, and from one sentence to the proceeding. Avoid retelling the plot of a book or a movie; instead, state arguments and support them with solid examples, bright quotations, and brief summaries made on the basis of your investigations of the topic. Complete you analytical essay in MLA style paying attention to the amount of pages that shouldn’t exceed 4 full pages.Finally, finish working on your analytical essay proofreading and editing its te xt according to certain criteria, which are the usage of appropriate vocabulary, grammar check, consistence of paragraphs, and text as a whole, correct formation of complex and compound sentences, spelling mistakes, etc.As soon as your final draft is ready, your following steps are:To print an analytical essay outMake it your habit to print out your work every time you need to check it. Changing a form of perception of what is written from “on the screen” version or hand-written into printed one will help you to evaluate your analytical essay more accurately as well as to notice and correct the undesired mistakes.Read your essay aloudIn case you are not restricted in time and can edit your essay without a rush, then, take a deep breath and try reading your essay out loud. For some people, it is the best way to detect mistakes and change all the strange, misused sentence structures, phrases, and words. Does the text flow easily? Aren’t sentences too entangled? Are the paragraph s logical or there’re some content gaps? Cut, chop, change, insert, correct, replace! In a nutshell, do everything what is necessary to make your essay superb.Turn for help to essay editing servicesEvery time you hesitate and feel the urgent need to consult with someone else, you can always opt for turning for help to essay editing services where professional editors and writers provide their clients with plagiarism search editing service, grammar and spelling check, punctuation, formatting, coherence, clarity, and logic of the text.To craft an outstanding analytical essay, a great, time-consuming and effortful job has to be fulfilled. Beginning with defining the type of your future analytical essay, it is necessary to research and prepare a sufficient amount of arguments, so you have what to discuss in your supporting paragraphs. Move further working on an outline, coming up with the text, and polishing your drafts till the moment they become a pure masterpiece. Don’t be scared of the huge amount of work you need to complete! Nothing could be compared with that great feeling of holding in your hands the finished analytical essay, which after all the done work, deserves to be graded accordingly!CINEMA AS AN ART FORMCinema is primarily a visual art, so the film develops our sensitive culture. The movie should be watched and listened to, and the book should be read. The film becomes a mighty competitor of the book. Modern young people prefer watching movies and television more than reading books.A film is a fictional story of the thoughts and actions of individuals, a complete whole, a certain unity. The action in it must begin, develop, and be completed during one and a half to two hours. The movie is cut off from real life by screen unity of actions because it is clear to everyone that the natural course of events is always different. In real life, nothing begins at the appointed hour, and nothing comes to an end by a certain time. Therefore, many films ha ve a so-called open finale- the audience, relying on the fantasy, has to think out what will happen to the characters in the future. Largely, any movie has an open finale, because people can see only an episode (or several ones) from the characters lives. Consequently, something will happen to them beyond the framework of the final picture.HOW TO WRITE A FILM CRITIQUE ESSAYTo learn how to analyze a film, one should understand the specifics of aesthetic perception. The goal of artistic perception is to comprehend the model of reality that the author of the work created. The aesthetic perception of a work of art is a reflection of it in the consciousness of a human.Some viewers are watching movies, hoping to learn something new as much as possible, and to improve their erudition; other people do it just for pleasure because of boredom. Cinema was not invented to deprive people of their independence, to offer people cheap deception and fake instead of real life. On the contrary, films are valuable only when they serve as the knowledge of life. Watching a movie is just an excuse to focus on a problem.The truth is expressed differently in cinema than in science, where it must be free from the personal traits of a scientist. The authors elements are present in the works of creative nature, such as his or her opinion, attitudes, and views. The film captures both objective reality and its reflection in the mind of the author. The subject of cinema is a person but considered subjectively. The consequence of this process is a certain set of relationships between the character and the author. It is necessary to analyze these aspects in your essay.THE ROLE OF THE DIRECTOR IN THE FILMOne of the objectives of the analysis of the film is identifying and feeling a complex aesthetic concept â€" the author. At first glance, this is a person who is in the same coordinate system as we, the public, in reality. Consequently, he or she is out of the film, out of screen reality with its fictional circumstances, the place and time of action, outside the composed actors. At the same time, he or she is there, his or her personality is palpable in the work he or she created. The director is associated with a specific feature of artistic creativity. Such subjectivity, when the author does not disguise his or her presence in the film, is called autobiographical. Explore what special, authors features the director used in the movie. Watch other pictures of this director and find common features between them.THE WORK OF THE OPERATOR AND ACTORSThe play of actors and work of the operator are among the most important elements of the film. The success of the picture depends on the skill of these people. Analyze the features of acting and work of operators. Pay attention to the scenery, music, and special effects; they help to create a special atmosphere on the movie set and the screen.INTERPRETATION OF THE MOVIEThe same film can be interpreted differently. The reception of the movie is very important for understanding how to write a film critique essay. The aesthetic perception of the artwork also depends on the public itself since it is organically connected with the artistic mastering of reality by the subject, with the complex process of reflecting the world in mind.The aesthetic perception is influenced by the following factors:the era, the time when the perception of a work of art occurs;material living conditions;the dominant worldview;the subjective refraction of a work of art; moral standards of society;different abilities of an individual to perceive sound, colors, shape, etc.;national identity, geographical environment;age, education, etc.Modern reality cannot be imagined outside the media (press, radio, TV, cinema, video, social networks, etc.). Cinema plays a special role in our life because it applies not only to the media but also to art. The dual nature characterizes the film: It is at the same time a means of mass communication and a work of art.Learn these recommendations to understand how to write a film analysis essay and improve your grades!

Old Testament Exegetical Paper  Isaiah 62 - 1683 Words

The prophet Isaiah lived in the Southern Kingdom of Judah in the 3rd century B.C. He had a reputation as an uncompromising prophet who did not soften his words of condemnation and urge to make changes (Stafford 616). The nation of Judah stood in a precarious position: the wickedness of the people, the civil war which divided the Israelites into two kingdoms of Judah and Israel, the neighboring countries which stood by, threatening war and the dilemma that faced the leaders about whether or not they should take on allies all indicated the downfall of the nation of Judah if the people did not heed his words and change their ways. According to The Interpreters Bible, Isaiah 62 was written in the later part of the prophet Isaiahs life. By†¦show more content†¦Most references to Zion take place in the books of Psalms, Lamentation and Isaiah. Its first appearance is in 2 Sam 5:6 as the stronghold of Zion. G.A. Barois points out that it need not be interpreted restrictively as a si ngle building, but rather as the fortified crest of the hill between the valleysÂ… (959). The name ‘Zion has been suggested by many to designate the entire walled town that covered the southeast hill of Jerusalem. During the exile however, the whole of Judah came to be known as Zion. ‘Zion occupies synonymous parallelism with the noun ‘Jerusalem (not just the southeast hill) while sons of Zion and daughters of Zion implies the inhabitants of Jerusalem (Lam. 4:2, Isa. 10:32). In 1Kings 8:1,2 we read, Â…out of the City of David which is ZionÂ… Hence we can correctly assume that both refer to the same place, which is Jerusalem. Since my chosen passage is about ‘Zion, it is good to be sure what exactly is being spoken about. Now that Ive mentioned Zion the city, Id like to cover another important aspect concerning cities thats mentioned several times in the BibleÂâ€" watchmen. According to The NIV Exhaustive Concordance, the word ‘watchmen has been used 13 times in the Old Testament (the singular form, ‘watchman, has been used 16 times). This word is often used figuratively in the Bible, hence it is important to understand its particular meaning in the passage chosen. ‘Watchmen is mostly found in the books ofShow MoreRelatedBibl450 Paper #1 Daniels 70 Weeks of Prophecy2440 Words   |  10 PagesTHE SEVENTY WEEKS PROPHESY OF DANIEL __________ A Research Paper Submitted to XXXXXXXXX University __________ In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for BIBL 450 By xxxxxxxx Table of Contents Introduction 3 The beginning of the Christian 3 Coming of Messiah 5 Counting of Weeks and Messiah 7 Why Daniel’s Prophecy is Disregarded 8 Conclusion 9 Bibliography 10 THE SEVENTY WEEKS PROPHESYRead MoreEssay on Daniel 9: 24-27 - The Prophecy Of The Seventy Weeks 2733 Words   |  11 PagesIntroduction Although the Jewish Scriptures evaluated the book of Daniel differently from the Christian Old Testament, by placing it in the Writings instead of with the major prophets, it remains a book of apocalyptic visions. Chapter nine begins with Daniel grappling with the prophetic prediction in Jeremiah 25:11-12, which declares that the Jews would serve the king of Babylon in captivity for seventy years. Now that the seventy years were almost at the end Daniel, in penitential prayer and

John Cage and Revolutionary Music Essay - 1127 Words

John Cage and Revolutionary Music An Avant-garde is someone who is ahead of his time. He is a person who is willing to cross new boundaries and to try new things. The meaning of an Avant-garde is a group or an individual who is active in the invention and application of new techniques in a given field. Who else could this definition fit better than John Cage himself? He himself believed that he was someone who wanted to invent new music. ?Cage considered himself a musical inventor? (Page 83, 20/20). John Cage?s art or experiment as you might see it, is definitely a great achievement is the field of music. His Sonata No 5 for prepared piano, which was written in 1948, was one of the greatest music he ever wrote. Music, in most of the†¦show more content†¦John Cage?s music was revolutionary. The music that he wrote or preferably invented was not always melodies or harmonies, in fact Cage pushed the boundaries of traditional music by eliminating harmony in a lot of his Sonata?s. The Sonata personifies his interest in the rhythm of the piece then in harmony. This was one of the first revolutionary concepts. Cage had quickly discovered that ?harmony was inhospitable to nonpitched sounds?(Page 86, 20/20). Another revolutionary concept initiated in the Sonata No 5 was the unusual timbres generated by the prepared piano. By adding nuts, bolts, screws and such metallic instruments to the piano Cage had created a new set of timbres. The timbres generated give you a feeling of the flow of water while others are metallic. In the Sonata we hear a wide range of timbres that can be produced by the prepared piano. They are a complex set of timbres some with unpitched thumps and hums. Although most of the sounds produced barely sound like a piano but sometimes we can hear a note here and there, which reveals to us the instrument. Then there was another new innovative concept, of using everyday noises. The ?everyday noises? like the clunk, bang and pound which can be heard in Sonata No 5. The metallic noises produced by the prepared piano sound a lot like playing with metal instruments, which can be found in the kitchen, but in a lot of his other works he has used instruments, which are used in a normal householdShow MoreRelatedModern Composers : John Cage1251 Words   |  6 PagesModern Composers: John Cage Music is a very peculiar term. Everyone knows what it is, yet there are different interpretations and definitions of what it means to them as seen from the varying styles of composers over time. In Beethoven’s case, music to him was an escape from reality and his greatest ally in cooperating with deafness. However, there are other composers who sought to think otherwise. John Cage is an exemplary modern composer who believed that music doesn’t need to make sense. He simplyRead MoreJohn Cage And Modern Music1199 Words   |  5 PagesJohn Milton Cage Jr, is arguably one of the most controversial and influential composers of the 20th century. His works have pushed the boundaries on what it means to make music, and they have forever changed the way we think about music in general, and what it can possibly be. Cage was one of the composers who decided to challenge the standards of music in his lifetime, and he is one of the pioneers of avant-garde music. He started his mus ic career during the peak of Abstract Expressionism. He hasRead MoreMarcel Duchamp And John Cage1574 Words   |  7 PagesThis essay will demonstrate how two revolutionary artists, Marcel Duchamp and John Cage still play a significant role in contemporary art practice and theory today. During the early 20th century, Marcel Duchamp was influenced by the emerging artistic movements such as Dada and Cubism. 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Developmental Psychology Free Essays

Collins accounts the span of developmental psychology in three separate periods, the emergent period (1890-1919) in which interest was first shown in the area of child development with Darwin’s baby diaries (1876), and some early empirical studies. The second period stated by Collins is the middle period (1920-1946) this period saw the introduction of theory into the area of development, for example from behaviourist and psychoanalysis as well as a large increase in the amount of research being done. The last period is the modern period which Collins states we are still in. We will write a custom essay sample on Developmental Psychology or any similar topic only for you Order Now his period started in 1947 and has seen the largest developments in the subject of child development with large steps being taken in theories methodologies and analytic procedures. (Collins, as cited in Smith, Hart 2002) As in many areas of psychology the theories surrounding developmental psychology are divided into a few, distinct schools of thought. These theory divides include Freud’s psychoanalytical theories, the nativist viewpoint, the Associatonist Assumption and the constructivist viewpoint. All are interested in how the child develops throughout their lives, however each takes a distinct viewpoint on how that change comes about. Freud was the founder of psychoanalytical theories and although some people disagree with his viewpoints, it is safe to say he has had a huge effect on the way we see psychology today. He claimed that unconscious forces that come from within a person, determine a child’s development. He suggested that there are four main states that determine how a child develops into adult life, he called these stages the psychosexual stages. Theses stages include the oral stage, the Anal stage, the Phallic Stage and the Latency stage. He claimed that if a child’s development was halted or disturbed in any of these stages then it could cause problems in later life. For example if a child did not properly develop through the first oral stage then the could become orally fixated in later life which could cause them to be more likely to take up smoking or suck their thumb to a late age. Freud claimed that three main structures called the id, the ego and the super ego develop subconsciously through these psychosexual stages. He claimed it is these three structures that are responsible for our needs, desires and controlling them. The id is said to be present in newborns and is responsible for impulses such as desires and emotions, the ego then develops to act as a mediator for the mind, so we just don’t follow these impulses from the id. The superego develops last and is responsible for our sense of duty and responsibility, almost like a conscious. This theory is quite problematic because these are unconscious processes that cannot be proven or disproven. By Freud’s analysis anyone who would deny these stages is simply in denial (Slater, Bremner. 2003). . The Nativist or ethological viewpoint states that humans are pre disposed by their genetic makeup to develop in a certain way, or develop a certain set of attributes, whether it be intelligence, language or attachment. This predisposition to certain behaviours stems from evolutionary work with genes. This theory states that humans are restrained in their development by their genetic makeup (Slater A, Muir, D, 1999). This viewpoint was influenced by Darwin’s Origin of species, in which his observation of slight changes in behaviour and form led to his groundbreaking origin of species theory. It was with this viewpoint in mind that he observed his own child’s development in his ‘baby diaries’ and attempted to detail his son’s early development. (Slater. Muir. 1999). Mary Ainsworth and John Bowlby were also interested in the evolutionary development in children, and they carried out a number of experiments which they called the strange situation. They discovered that from a very early age children have a primary need or drive to bond with one significant person, usually the mother , and that there are different types of attachment a child can have. From these experiments Ainsworth and Bowlby developed the Attachment theory. Support for the nativist theory of development can be found in language development studies. The nativist viewpoint suggests that humans are predisposed to learn language and are ‘genetically wired with knowledge of language’. Nativist’s believe that a language acquisition device (LAD) is responsible for allowing children to understand rules governing speech from an early age, which makes a complex task such as learning a language easier for young children. There are other universal processes that lend themselves to the nativist viewpoint, for example development as a whole eg, age of starting to try to walk and talk tend to be the same across cultures and demographics. (Cairns 1996, Crain 1993, as cited in Harmon, Jones 2005). It was not until the 1920’s and 30’s that the nativist viewpoint began to lose weight against new behaviourist or associatonist assumptions, which states that a persons development is shaped by their environment, this viewpoint states that when a person is born they are like a blank slate and it is their experience of their environment that shapes their development. This is a mechanacalistic viewpoint, which sees humans as totally passive in their development. The theory states that people develop through learning, which is initiated by using specific stimulus, response connections. This theory has been widely supported by Pavlov’s classical conditioning studies (1926). he found that he could successfully condition dogs to salivate at the sound of a bell when the bell had previously been rang to coincide with feeding time. , this came about through learned association. (Pavlov, 1926, as cited in Klein S, Mowrer, 1989). This study supported the idea that people are conditioned to learn to develop in a certain way through stimulus, response connections. Skinner (1904-1990) had a huge effect on the area of behaviourism. He rejected the assumption of his peers that a child was completely passive in his or her development, he accepted that a child’s environment played a large role in their development, however his operant conditioning theory allowed more flexibility in the fact that it allows that the children emit behaviours on their environment as well as their environment on them. He claimed that children can be shaped by manipulating the reinforcements they receive. For example a parent can elicit bad behaviour by giving attention to a child only when he/she is behaving bad. Watson and Arnold Gesell were also prominent researchers in behaviourism and their belief that conditioning accounted for all learned behaviours stirred up the development debate. Albert Bandura’s theory of social learning came after Pavlov’s work with dogs, his was a much less mechanistic than previous behaviourist theories. He carried out a series of experiments using children to see the affect of reinforcement on aggression. He found that when a group of children had watched a film of an adult being aggressive to a BoBo doll and then were allowed to play with the same doll they copied the aggressive ction, perceiving a reinforcement as there was no obvious reinforcement present. This experiment kept the essential parts of the behaviourist assumption, however it also incorporated learning by observation. This theory used the idea that there are internal workings governing learning as well as simple, reinforcement response, which behaviourists had denied until this time. (Bandura 1960, as cited in Slater,Bremner, 2003) The fourth viewpoint I will discuss is the constructivist viewpoint. This theory state that humans are active participants in what they learn, thus their development. It says that humans have an innate ability to use emotion and intelligence to make sense of the world around them, using schemas, expectations of the world based on previous, similar experiences, to fill in the gaps in knowledge and experience. Therefore a person’s internal viewpoint is individual to them as it is gained from personal experience and internal representations. Piaget was a constructivist who believed that children were not blank slates as behaviourists had suggested, but instead their development is motivated intrinsically not extrinsically. He stated in his theory ‘Adaptation’ that through the processes assimilation and accommodation a child learns to adapt to the world around them, thus developing their knowledge of the world, and skills to live (Slater, Bremner. 2003). ‘Assimilation’ is when a child uses his or her schemas of the world to help them in a new situation, giving them cues on how to behave. ‘Accommodation’ is where a child has to adjust their schemas slightly to accommodate new, more detailed information about a person or experience. The two always coincide as the assimilation helps a child deal with a new experience but then the schema has to change because no two different experiences are the same. These processes are called functional invariants, as they don’t change during development. (Slater, Bremner, 2003) Piaget (1962) outlined four broad stages of cognitive development. The Sensimotor period (birth to two years) in this stage the child develops ’thoughts in action’ they learn that their actions have consequences and so learn to solve problems. The second stage, which is called the preoperational stage, from2 to 7 years. In this stage children learn to solve a number of problems by using intelligence and tools. They develop communication skills through drawing and symbols. However they find it difficult to see things from other people’s point of view. The third stage is called the concrete operations stage; this takes place between ages seven and eleven. This is where the ability to focus the attention on one aspect of a situation and exclude others. The formal operations stage (from about 11 years) sees the child becoming able to solve complex problems and using hypothetical thought to hold complex discussions, weighing out responses like scientists do. Slater,Bremner. 2003). Developmental psychology has seen many shifts in popularity in the approaches used to explain the development of humans. Psychologists such as Skinner, in his social learning theory, have incorporated two types of theory, for example social and behavioural, however the different poles of learning all still hold relevance today although their seems to be no unified discipline that incorporates all schools of learning. How to cite Developmental Psychology, Essay examples Developmental psychology Free Essays This evidence shows prove that being in a low income family or living in poverty as some might like to say, has a very big impact on children’s life if a parent has low self-esteem no drive in themselves then it is not showing young children how to grow into young positive, confident and thriving adults, so therefore Just copy what they now and this can cause a cycle. Quality of food we eat and give our children Is another environmental fact that can can help with our child’s development, Junk food for example can make children obese, this can cause all sorts of problems In health, children who are obese will have less energy, this will cause children to not want to socialism, and this can lead to other problems such as low self-esteem,depression and anger. If you feed children more healthy food they are going to have so much more energy It will make them eager to go out and socialism and most of all help them to learn, improve your child’s behavior and learning by improving their diet. We will write a custom essay sample on Developmental psychology or any similar topic only for you Order Now Eating adequate protein and getting other nutrients that support optimal brain functioned life and school is another most important environmental fact that has a big impact on a child’s development. Some children can not have the love and attention they would like and need at home this can cause children to be rebel’s as some people would say, this could be caused by not knowing how to show emotion, this could be because of them not being shown emotion by family Page 1 15 Lisa Henderson 72ND at home so in a sense it’s attention seeking this is due to a child doesn’t feel that they are getting any attention of their family/parent’s and the only way to do that is to play up even though it’s not necessarily the attention they would like from their family, its there only way of getting it. School has another impact on children’s development, if a child is asked to do something at school and feels they are incapable but yet the teacher still insists that the child carries out the activity the child can then start to feel frustrated,angry and then leaves the child feeling inadequate and leaves them with a sense of failure and embarrassment. Bullying is another major problem that can happen inside or outside of school and has a major impact on children’s behavior and development this can cause low self-esteem, and stress which can then cause lack of sleep due to worry which then stops the main from functioning to its full a capability, stopping the child to fully express them selves. To help children who are in this situation they need support and need confidence and transduction’s, the characteristic of this and the meaning is that children or adults develop through a more hands on approach, by this I mean learning by doing. A Russian man named Level Whisky was one of the first men to push to prove that children can learn through constructivist learning. Level Whisky used a method called ‘scaffolding’ in this method he changed the level of support which was provided depending on how skilled the child was and this of course did vary. Depending on how skilled the child was would depend on how much help they would need, and in time need none at all. Quote: The term ‘scaffolding’ is meant to represent the support for assistance provided by the teacher or mentor in the learning process. â€Å"cataloging† is a metaphor that describes the way a teacher provides assistance to the students during the learning process in much the same way that construction scaffolding serves as a temporary support until the build 2005 An example of this is some children might be able to write their name at the age of three and some children might not be able to until they are five. This is a good example to compare this theory against the constructivist theory, the reason for this is children might learn to write their name at school by using the more hands on earning approach, but younger children could learn it earlier then this by maturing earlier. Maturations learning was a way that children could learn at their own pace, every child learns different and some faster than others, this was also a way of children improving on what they already new and choosing new ways of learning by themselves, instead of somebody trying to teach them something they are was not ready to learn natural way. . Maturations also it all owed children to develop in a â€Å"observe progress in a child and choose to focus on what a child already knows, rather than what he or she doesn’t know’ Children mature at different stages and this could be for a numerous reasons, due to being a premature baby or Just they are incapable of doing something because they haven’t developed the skills to perform certain tasks yet. An example of this is, a three year old child at the age of three being able to talk in full sentences and another child exactly the same age not being able to talk at all with no medical reason what’s so ever Just that he is not yet capable of doing so. I know this from experience. With a child who isn’t capable of doing things like other children there win age this would be a good way of trying to teach them, its a good way of them learning at their own pace in their own time without feeling pressured. Page/ 5 Henderson 72ND II: Using Jean Piglet’s stages of cognitive development, describe the rationale behind the use of Key stage testing in primary schools. Lean Piglet’s stated that children progressed through four different stages in their childhood. The stage he stated children was at during primary school was the concrete operations stage. This was studied with ages 7-11 . â€Å"Concrete operations (ages-11). As physical experience accumulates, accommodation s increased. The child begins to think abstractly and conceptualize, creating logical structures that explain his or her physical experience’s† How to cite Developmental psychology, Papers DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY Free Essays Developmental Psychology Free Essays ASSIGNMENT IN DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 1. Sexual transmitted disease in pregnant women women who are pregnant can become infected with the same sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) as women who are not pregnant. Pregnancy does not provide women or their babies any protection against STDs. We will write a custom essay sample on Developmental Psychology or any similar topic only for you Order Now The consequences of an STD can be significantly more serious, even life threatening, for a woman and her baby if the woman becomes infected with an STD while pregnant. It is important that women be aware of the harmful effects of STDs and know how to protect themselves and their children against infection. . Premature Babies A premature baby, or preemie, is born before the 37th week of pregnancy. Premature birth occurs in between 8 percent to 10 percent of all pregnancies in the United States. Because they are born too early, preemies weigh much less than full-term babies. They may have health problems because their organs did not have enough time to develop. Preemies need special medical care in a neonatal intensive care unit, or NICU. They stay there until their organ systems can work on their own. 3. Sensation, Perception, and Learning of Infants. THE INFANT’S SENSORY AND PERCEPTUAL CAPACITIES Unlocking the Secrets of Babies’ Sensory Capabilities Infants’ sensations and perceptions are no longer completely obscure to researchers, who have learned how to measure infants’ sensory and perceptual capacities. In their efforts to understand whether babies can distinguish between one stimulus and another investigators often make use of the infant’s tendency to habituate, or become used to, a given stimulus. Another technique is to use the visual preference method, in which researchers pinpoint a baby’s preference for one of two alternative stimuli. 4. sudden infant death syndrome Typically the infant is found dead after having been put to bed, and exhibits no signs of having suffered. [7] SIDS is a diagnosis of exclusion. It should only be applied to an infant whose death is sudden and unexpected and remains unexplained after the performance of an adequate postmortem investigation including: 1. an autopsy (by an experienced pediatric pathologist, if possible); 2. nvestigation of the death scene and circumstances of the death; 3. exploration of the medical history of the infant and family. Australia and New Zealand are shifting to the term â€Å"sudden unexplained death in infancy† (SUDI) for professional, scientific and coronial clarity. The term SUDI is now often used instead of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) because some coroners prefer to use the term ‘undete rmined’ for a death previously considered to be SIDS. This change is causing diagnostic shift in the mortality data. [8] In addition, the U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has recently suggested that such deaths be called â€Å"sudden unexpected infant deaths† (SUID) and that SIDS is a subset of SUID. [9] 4. Post partum depression Postpartum depression is depression that occurs soon after having a baby. Some health professionals callit postpartum nonpsychotic depression. †¢This condition occurs in about 10-20% of women, usuallywithina fewmonths of delivery. †¢Risk factors include previous major depression, psychosocial stress, inadequate social support, and previous premenstrual dysphoric disorder(see premenstrual syndromefor more information). Symptoms include depressed mood, tearfulness, inability to enjoy pleasurable activities, trouble sleeping, fatigue, appetite problems, suicidal thoughts, feelings of inadequacy as a parent, and impaired concentration. †¢If you experience postpartum depression, you may worry about the baby’s health and well-being. You may have negative thoughts about the baby and fears about harming the infant (although women who have these thoughts rarely act on them). †¢Postpartum depression interferes witha woman’sability to care forher baby. When a woman with severe postpartum depression becomes suicidal, she may consider killing her infant and young children, not from anger, but from a desire not to abandon thePostpartum (puerperal) psychosis is the most serious postpartum disorder. It requires immediate treatment. †¢This condition is rare. A woman with this condition experiences psychotic symptoms within 3 weeks of giving birth. These include false beliefs (delusions), hallucinations (seeing or hearing things that are not there), or both. †¢This condition is associated with mood disorders such as depression, bipolar disorder, or psychosis. How to cite Developmental Psychology, Papers Developmental psychology Free Essays Introduction When having any sort of relationship people that are important to you, caring is the foundation of it. When individual are less able to take care of themselves and are dependent on a certain individual is given the name caregiver, as there care for people that have physical or psychological disability. The way a caregiver delivers care by showing concern and empathy states how tough their bonds are. We will write a custom essay sample on Developmental psychology or any similar topic only for you Order Now A strong bond in a relationship can, not only bring healthy psychological development in an individual who is being cared for, but also attachment with the caregiver. Individuals can have an emotional bond to humans around them that there care for this is call attachment; John Bowlby one of the first attachment theorist, unfolding attachment as a â€Å"lasting psychological connectedness between human beings† (Bowlby, 1969, p. 194). The attachment theory states that caregivers feel some sort of safety with the child when obtaining and openness to the child’s desires. Once the child feels the caregiver is reliable this gives the child a chance to discover humanity. Bowlbys four characteristics Proximity Maintenance; The desire to be near the people we are attached to. Safe Haven; Returning to the attachment figure for comfort and safety in the face of a fear or threat. Secure Base; the attachment figure acts as a base of security from which the child can explore the surrounding environment. Separation Distress; Anxiety that occurs in the absence of the attachment figure. The earliest strong bonds formed by a child with their caregiver impact on their healthy psychological development, but what happens to children who do not form secure attachments and strong bonds with their caregivers? Physical abuse can affect children bonds in relationship which can and bring unhealthy psychological development to the child. Abuse from prima Abuse by a primary caregiver damages the most fundamental relationship as a child—that it will safely, reliably get its physical and emotional needs met by the person who is responsible for its care. Darlene Barriere, victim and writer of her memoir titled â€Å"Victim to Victory†, tells her story of child abuse and her struggle through childhood and adolescence. The physical abuse she suffered at the hands of both her mother and father lead her to not only hate her caregivers but drove her to attempt suicide to escape her pain. She started smoking at an early age and to fit in. She quit school and ran away from home to start sexual relations with older men. She was then later diagnosed with morbid obesity. Compulsive overeating made food her drug of choice. Then she made food her enemy and suffered from the eating disorders of anorexia nervosa and bulimia. In the end it was psychotherapy that saved Darlene and helped her live a healthy lifestyle. Darlene displayed none of Bowlbys characteristics of attachment to her caregivers. By not forming a secure attachment to her caregivers in the early stages of her life, it had a negative impact on her behaviour later on in her life. Her story clearly shows how unhealthy her psychological development as a child and adolescent was and how important a strong bond with a caregiver is for healthy psychological development. Child sexual abuse is a particularly complicated form of abuse because of the torment of shame and guilt involved. What is even more terrifying is that sexual abuse typically occurs at the hands of someone the child knows and should be able to trust—most often a caregiver such as a parent or teacher. Contrary to what many believe, it’s not just girls who are at sexually abused. Boys and girls both suffer from sexual abuse. In fact, sexual abuse among boys often goes unreported due to the shame and stigma involved. The emotional trauma is so powerful that it leads to an unhealthy psychological development in a child. This can not only leave deep, long lasting scars, but also bring self-hatred and sexual problems as they grow older—often either excessive promiscuity or an inability to have intimate relations. Thousands of cases go unreported and some find the courage to write about their stories on Internet forums, such as a story posted by an anonymous girl. In he r case, she was sexually abused between the ages of 5 to 16 by her father. She would never feel safe around her father and developed a strong hate towards him. She became anti-social from a young age. Throughout this ordeal she was confused and did not know whom she could trust. She knew it would tear her family apart. After finding the courage to tell her family and report her father to the authorities it did just that. Guilt and shame lead her to run away from home and to drop out of school. She blamed herself and developed a self-hatred, which lead to depression. She found heroin as a way to escape her reality and her problems. Quickly became addicted, she started working as a prostitution to support her drug addiction. It was a decade later after spending time in rehabilitation and counseling that she cleaned up her act and overcome her hate for herself. By applying Bowlbys four distinguishing characteristics of attachment to this example, it is clearly visible that she had not formed secure attachment to her caregivers. She was not provided with a secure base to explore the world, which resulted in her developing anti-social behavior and falling into depression. She did not want to maintain proximity to her father and did not feel a safe haven around him. She felt more comfortable to be separated to her caregivers, which lead her into leaving her home at a young age. This all resulted in her unhealthy psychological development and because of this unhealthy development it had a negative impact on her life. Her story shows how important it is to for a child to develop a strong bond and secure attachment to its caregivers for healthy psychological development. It is noticeable that failure to form strong bonds and secure attachments with a caregiver by a child early in life can have a negative impact on behavior in later childhood and throughout their life. Research suggests that children diagnosed with oppositional-defiant disorder, conduct disorder, or post-traumatic stress disorder, commonly display attachment problems. Often due to early abuse, neglect, or trauma. In examples of physical and sexual child abuse by a caregiver, it is evident that it leads to detachment and weak bonds with the caregiver. The outcome is unhealthy psychological development in the child. For a child to have a healthy psychological development it is crucial that a caregiver is available and responsive to a child’s needs. By doing so they establish a sense of security in the child. This sense of security develops a strong bond with the caregiver. The child knows that the caregiver is dependable, which creates a secure base for the child to explore the w orld and results in healthy psychological development. Reference Myers,D.G.(2010).PSYCHOLOGY.(9TH). USA:Worth. What is a caregiver.[Wise Geek].[online].9th September 2010 Available from:http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-caregiver.htm[Accessed 13th December 2010] AttachmentTheory [About.com].[online].2010.Avaiable fromhttp://psychology.about.com/od/loveandattraction/a/attachment01.htm[Accessed 13th December 2010] Domestic Violence and Attachment Theory. [daniel-sonkin.[online] Available from:http://www.daniel-sonkin.com/sonkin82405.htm[Accessed 13th December 2010] Child Abuse and Neglect [Help Guide].[online].Available from:http://helpguide.org/mental/child_abuse_physical_emotional_sexual_neglect.htm[Accessed 14th December 2010] child abuse effects.[child abuse effects].[online]http://www.child-abuse-effects.com/[Accessed 14th December 2010] From Victim to Victory a memoir.[child abuse effects].[online]. October 28, 2009 Available from;http://www.child-abuse-effects.com/my-story-of-abuse.html[Accessed 14th December 2010] How to cite Developmental psychology, Essay examples

Populism DBQ free essay sample

In the late nineteenth century, around 1880-1900, many farmers were experiencing problems and threats to their way of life. The valid complaints of the farmers dealt with the money supply system in America and the large railroad companies. In 1892, the platform for the Populist Party was laid down. In this platform it is stated that the national power to create money is appropriated to enrich bondholders thereby adding millions to the burdens of the people. This is discussing the demonstration of silver and the negative effect it has on the common people, such as farmers. Later on in the platform is it also discussed that silver has had widespread acceptance as a coin for a very long time and by demoralizing it to increase the purchasing power of gold, the results are several negative consequences which will eventually lead to terrible convulsions, the destruction of civilization, or the establishment Of an absolute despotism. We will write a custom essay sample on Populism DBQ or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This unhappiness Of farmers regarding the money system in the United States is also shown in a political cartoon from The Farmers Voice, a Chicago newspaper in the late sasss or early sasss. The cartoon entitled The Eastern Master and His Western Slaves depicts farmers as slaves to the wealthy eastern businessmen. It is representing the exploitation of the farmers and shows yet another of their economic struggles; the mortgages they bore on their farms.Further evidence that supports and validates the farmers complaints about the current economic situation is found in William McKinley acceptance speech given in Canton, Ohio on August 26, 1896. In his speech, McKinley said that even though free silver would not make farming less laborious and more refutable. farmers and laborers are the ones who suffer the greatest as a result of the cheap money. They are the first to feel its bad effects and the last to recover from them . The belief that silver is the solution of the problems for farmers is opposed in J.Laurence Laughlin s Causes of Agricultural Unrest article in the November, 1896 issue of Atlantic Monthly. Laughlin describes that the increase in supply without an increase of demand led farmers to believe that silver can solve their issues by his saying, the Eden enlargement of the supply without any corresponding increase of demand produced that alarming fall in the price of wheat which has been made the farmers excuse for thinking that silver is the magic panacea for all his ills He then goes on to describe that farmers have simply pushed the blame on the scarcity of gold as opposed to realizing the actual cause is their own overproduction of wheat. The effects of the different acts and laws regarding money supply is shown in the United States government data from 961 depicting the population of the country along side the money in circulation from the year 1865 through 1895. This data shows that from 1865 through 1885, the population was increasing, however the amount of money in circulation was decreasing rapidly.This suggests that the effects Of the acts and laws regarding money we re resulting in the deflation of of the currency. Against the railroad companies is credible because during this time period the government showed enormous favoritism towards large businesses even Hough the railroads were monopolies. Further discontent with monopolies is expressed in A Call to Action: An Interpretation of the Great Uprising.Its Source and Causes by James 8. Weaver, a Populist candidate for president in the election of 1892. Weaver described that trusts and monopolies use threats, intimidation, bribery, fraud, wreck, and pillage to impoverish the producer, drive him to a single market, reduce the price of every class of labor connected with the trade, throw out of employment large numbers of people ND finally they increase the price to the consumer The farmers and laborers of the late nineteenth century faced two main problems; money supply and large businesses such as railroads. These issues resulted in a variety of complaints from the agriculturists, however the grievances did prove to be valid based on the evidence previously presented. The farmers were struggling to survive off of the small profit they received, and they suffered even further when large monopolies and railroad companies took actions that dwindled their profits further.