Physical, Human, and Economic Geography of Italians

Introduction Italy is located in continental Europe, in the South Central, to be specific. Its neighbors include France Switzerland and Austria to the north, Slovenia along the Alps, and the Italian Peninsula, the islands Sicily, and Sardinia to the south in the Mediterranean ocean. Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Physical, Human, and Economic Geography of Italians specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Italy is known in history as the home of some of the world’s most celebrated artists like Titian, Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo and Botticelli among many others. In addition, Italy is well known for historical tourism structures such as the Leaning Tower of Pisa which is made from marble. The people of Italy speak Italian language. Most of the people are Roman Catholics. The people of Italy also engage in economic activities like merchandise, mining, tourism, fishing and many other activities. In add ition to this, Italians are well known for their fashion in cloth industry. This report discusses the physical, human, and economic geography of Italians. It also gives a brief description of Italy as a country. Historical Setting Italy is known to be the headquarters for the Roman Empire in ancient times. This is because its capital city, Rome, was used to rule a large portion of Western Europe. The country has always attracted foreigners from ancient Greek settlers to modern tourists. Artists, pilgrims, romantic poets and mercenaries were also frequent visitors of Italy’s major cities (Woolf 13). The Celts inhabited northern Italy especially along the Lombard valley. Other people who settled initially include the Etrurian people who settled in Tuscany. This was during the period in which Italy was not yet born. Characteristics of the population of Italy Most of the country’s population lives in cities and towns. The large population occupies northern Italy, the west coast in particular. The southern parts of Italy are more rural although not productive for farming activities due to climatic factors. The behavioral characteristics of the population, dates back from the seventeenth century when cities began to grow in number. Most administrative centers experienced a sharp growth while others stagnated at a particular size. Thus the increase in urban population caused a decrease in the size of the rural community (Woolf 57).Advertising Looking for research paper on geography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Geographic Setting of Italy Italy covers a total area of 116,340 square miles, the islands of Sardinia and Sicily being included. Its population is 58 million people (How Stuff Works 4). The capital city of Italy is Rome. Italy also has several other major cities which include Milan, Naples, Genoa and Venice. The continental Italy is a peninsula in the Mediterranean Sea that is, it pro jects outwards from continental Europe into the sea. The republic of Italy encompasses two islands in the Mediterranean. The islands are Sicily and Sardinia. Due to political boundaries, the northern part of Italy is situated between the gulf of Trieste and the Rhone at its efflux from the lake of Geneva. Therefore, the Rhone, the Pennine Alps together with some parts of Adriatic Gulf and the Mediterranean Sea separate Italy from her neighbors France, Germany and Switzerland. The coast of Italy is composed of the Adriatic Gulf and the Mediterranean Sea up to the region where the Maritime Alps appear to end just near France’s frontiers (Brun 586). Generally speaking, most of the northern fertile areas are covered by the Po valley which receives and transports all the waters that come from the Apennines northwards. It also receives all the water that comes from the Alps towards the south. The river follows a parallel course with the Adige. The Adige enters the Adriatic by a se parate mouth with the Po. Geologic Setting of Italy A large part of Italy is covered by mountains which include the Alps. Most of the Alps in Italy are composed of the rock dolomite. Other mountains in Italy include the Apennine Mountains which dissects the middle part of Italy from north to southern parts thus separating the eastern and the western coasts of the country. South of the dolomite mountains lies the Po Valley. This is the basin of river Po. Italy has also been shaped by major geologic phenomena. Crustal subsidence occurred when Wurm Regression surface lowered within the Naples Bay. Glacial activities are also present in the northern parts of Italy. Seismic and volcanic activities also occur in Italy especially in the mountainous regions of Pozzuoli Bay (Dvorak Mastrolorenzo 5). The Apennines experience a lot of earthquakes together with volcanic eruptions which occur in the western parts of the Apennine slopes which also occur on several offshore islets. Active volcan oes include the Ve-suvius, near Naples; Mt. Etna on Sicily Island and the Stromboli which is located in the Tyrrhenian Sea.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Physical, Human, and Economic Geography of Italians specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Climate of Italy The southern parts of continental Italy have warmer temperatures than the northern parts. In northern Italy, temperatures can reach below freezing point during winters. Some parts of the northern Italy can also be covered by snow during the winters. The northern and central plains and river valleys have rich soils while the southern areas are hot and arid occasioned by violent which swell the rivers into threatening torrents (Woolf 14). The south east winds of the sirocco prevail in the Naples and in Sicily, and are more prevalent in winter than in summer (Brun 592). Natural Features of Italy Italy does not have enough natural features. There are on ly a few natural features like the natural frontiers formed by the Mediterranean. The Alps also from part of the physical geography endowed to Italy. The Alps are so expansive such that they cover four fifth of the country’s territory. The great Alpine Arc sweeps west to east from the Mediterranean to the Adriatic. The Apennines are very steep and they stretch irregularly down the entire length of Italy. The mountains in the Italian islands of Sicily and Sardinia do offer a great hindrance to cultivation (Woolf 13). Natural Resources of Italy Italy is well endowed with natural resources. The Alpine provides plenty of limestone for the country to mine and use in the construction industry. This is present in the valley of Pieva di Cadora. In the same valley is found lead and silver. The mountain of Gregni harbors iron oxide while calcareous rocks are found in Vicenza (Brun 592). Thus the mineral resources of Italy are Iron, Aluminum, Lead, Zinc, and Mercury as the metallic mi nerals. The non metallic minerals include Sulphur, Pyrites, Potassic salts, Feldspar, and Fluorspar whereas the fuel deposits include Lignite, crude oil and natural gas in form of methane (King 8). Industrial Setting of Italy There are a wide range of industries in Italy. Most of these industries are located in the northern parts of the country. Italy is known in the world for her fashion especially in clothes, shoes and furniture. Italy also manufactures motor vehicles, computers, and electronic gadgets. Rice is also produced together with wheat and other grains in the fertile Po valley. It is also worth noting that the finest meadows and the fattest cattle can be found in the same valley (Brun 589).Advertising Looking for research paper on geography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition, Italy is one of the world’s largest producers of wine. These wines come from Friuli, Vicentino, Bolognese, and Montferrat. Italy also produces all the fruit trees that do well in the temperate regions of Europe like the Dyospyrus lotus. Animals in Italy exist in places which are related to the specific climatic and environmental conditions. The mountains are home for the lynx, the chamois, wild goat, ferret, the dormouse, and the lemming whereas the Apennines host porcupines, buffaloes. Domestic animals include the horses, the ass, the mule and the sheep. Conclusion Italy is a country in continental Europe which is also composed of the two major islands namely Sicily and Sardinia. Her northern parts are covered with mountainous features which are characterized by extreme weather conditions during the winters. Geologically, the mountainous areas are comprised of the rock dolomite. To the south lies the Po valley which is also the basin of river Po. Italy is one o f the countries in Europe which have a long history. Her artistic legends such as Titian and Giorgione contributed a lot in putting Italy on the global scene with their paintings. Italy is also endowed with natural resources such as Iron, crude oil and Lead which are considered as the major sources of Italy’s economy. Most of the population resides in the cities while a few are left in the country to do farming. Works Cited Brun, Malte. Universal Geography or a Description of All the Parts of the World On a new Plan: According to the Great Natural Divisions of the Globe: Accompanied with Analytical, Synoptical, and Elementary Tables, Vol. VII, Wells and Lilly- Court Street, and White, Gallaher and White. New York, 1829. Dvorak, John Mastrolorenzo, Giuseppe. The Mechanisms of Recent Vertical Crustal Movements in Campi Flegrei Caldera, Southern Italy, Colorado: Geological Society of America, Inc., 1991. How Stuff Works. Geography of Italy, 2010. 10th Nov. 2010. ttp://geography .howstuffworks.com/europe/geography-of-italy.htm King, Russell. The Industrial Geography of Italy, Australia: Croom Helm Ltd, 1985. Woolf, Stuart. A History of Italy, 1700-1860: The Social Constraints of Political Change. London: Methuen Co. Ltd, 1991. This research paper on Physical, Human, and Economic Geography of Italians was written and submitted by user Jayce Mcpherson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Same-Gender Adoption essays

Same-Gender Adoption essays Imagine youre a couple, deeply in love, committed to each other for life and desperately wanting children, only you cant have any. Why? Not because of what the average person might think. Its because youre a gay or lesbian couple, or, as many that are of the persuasion prefer to call it, same-gender couple. In todays world, where we are considered to be in an enlightened society, same-gender couples not only encounter the usual barriers because they want to be together, but its even worse when trying to fulfill their dreams of having children. There are legal issues surrounding same-gender adoption, as well as moral issues. With so many children looking for loving parents throughout the world, one might ask why NOT allow same-gender couples to adopt them. In an article written by Sean Cahill, all of the candidates for President in 2000 were asked where they stood on this issue. George W. Bush opposes gay men and lesbians serving as adoptive parents. When he was governor of Texas, he supported a bill which would bar gays and lesbians from adopting. He is quoted as saying Im against gay adoptions. I believe children ought to be adopted in families with a woman and a man who are married. Society ought to aim for the ideal, and the ideal is for a man and woman to adopt children (Cahill 25-26). In this same article, Al Gore states: We have a huge number of children who cannot find adoptive parents. Local adoption officials can evaluate the circumstances of the child and the parenting ability of prospective parents and decide if theres a good match. Gores spokesperson said that the vice president would leave gay adoptions up to adoption professionals on an individual basis (26). In a study at the Catholic University of America, the Marriage Law Project was conducted examining same-gender adoption f...

Shift from Industrial Relations to Employee Relations Essay

Shift from Industrial Relations to Employee Relations - Essay Example It covers a wide spectrum of industrial activities such as collective bargaining, trade unionisms, and worker's participation in management, discipline and grievance management and industrial disputes and interpretation of labor laws. It, therefore, refers to the collective relationship between the employer and employees on a set of employment relationship. But researches conducted at various places across the world have concluded that the validity of industrial relations as a concept is going to decline in the near future because of the necessity of more recognition of employees at the work place by employers. The employee-employer relation in the 21st century is going to have a new outlook because of the increased need for the recognition of employees at the work place either voluntarily or by the contemplation of law. The relationship between employer and employee experienced in the past, coined as industrial relations has declined over the last few years by virtue of reasons such as change in working condition and approach of trade union. The research undertaken by CIPD (Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development) in 2004-05 on the changing nature of employee relations in U K organizations reveal that "Union membership and traditional union-related personnel management work has declined enormously in the last 30 years, with no prospect of a sustained re-emergence, though the re-regulation of employment and the new Employee Information and Consultation Regulations are pushing employee relations back up the management agenda"Rationale for change in the outlook The reasons for the modern perspective of employee relationship are manifold. Over the past 20 years there have been many amendments in the employment legislations, change in the methods of selection, recruitment, training, remuneration, working condition, consultation etc. All these factors have contributed to a shift from industrial relations to employee relations. Also shift in the trade union image from the earlier industrial conflict has also helped in creating and maintaining a harmonious relationship with employers which opened up opportunities for greater involvement of employees. Another factor which caused a change in the treatment of employees by employer is the changing attitude of present day employees. The modern employees and employers have a psychological contract, which implies the unwritten perceptions of the employment relationship and the degree of trust, motivation and commitment involved. Employee Relation Employee Relations involves the body of work concerned with maintaining employer-employee relationships that contribute to satisfactory productivity, motivation, and morale. This approach towards the employees in a changing working environment should not be conventional nor is it adversely affects the employee performance. Modern employers unanimously agree with employee relations, although a few have different opinion. The new approach from employer perspective can be justified by the following: 1. Employee attitude and commitment are strongly associated with employee performance 2. Employee involvement and consultation appear to be more strongly associated with employee satisfaction 3. The ideal mechanism to be used for employee voice includes two-way communications, project teams and joint consultation through electronic

IT - Operation Aurora Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

IT - Operation Aurora - Research Paper Example This cyber security and the increasing cyber crime had been the greatest concern for the present as well as for the future generation. A study made in the year 2003 in the United States of America revealed that 31 percent of the respondents considered this cyber security as the second most concern after the misappropriation of the individual assets. Moreover over 15 percent among the respondents have experienced the threat of cyber security in the last two years facing a loss which most of them could not quantify in actual. However on an average measurement of the total financial cost for the last two years incurred in cyber crime valued to be about 812,318, US dollars (Smith, Grabosky, & Urbas, 2004, p. 15). Thus the paper focus on cyber security with the main focuses on Operation Aurora. Type of breach Viruses in the computer system, defacement or the alteration of the websites along with system crashes and redirection or even misappropriation of the resources of the system are som e of the breaches generally reported in regards to the cyber security (Smith, Grabosky, an Urbas, 2004, p. 15). Morgan Stanley underwent a "sensitive breach" where hackers attempted to enter its complex for six months, starting from June 2009 (Rashid, 2011). Circumstances of the occurrence of breach Operation Aurora is a large scale hacking that victimized even Google and Morgan Stanley along with about 200 other companies with most of their identities not yet revealed. They had made the breach occurring in Google public in the month of January 2010. However they kept the hacking of the company of DuPont secret. Fear of the affect on the investors of the company in revealing the hacking or the breach was the reason behind the secrecy maintained by the company to the public. The seriousness of the issue of this cyber hacking forced the white house in engaging a senate task force for reporting and investigating in the security issues of this cyber world. The recent trend of the online attacks in targeting the renowned international companies reveals the cyber insecurity of the corporate world. In order to prevent the dangerous trend from persisting and even increasing the companies have to undertake own initiative in ensuring steps for the security of their own data served online. According to the Whitehouse, theft and piracy are engaging in the transfer of wealth that is the biggest in the planet history and the victim companies stands on the ultimate losing end. Another incident of an attack launched in the year 2009 that had the Chinese base had targeted the energy companies. The security firm of McAfee reported the attack named as â€Å"Night Dragon†. However the identity of the targeted company was not disclosed by the report published by McAfee. But the emails of the company of HBGary Federal had with it the lists of the name of the targeted companies. According to the lists the companies were Exxon Mobil, Royal Dutch Shell, General Electric, Marath on oil along with ConocoPhillips and BP. (Liebowitz, 2011) Operation Aurora even imposes a break in the network security of the bank, Morgan Stanley. A company of cyber security working with the corporate bank had their very sensitive email stolen which indicates the experience of the hacking of the ‘China based hackers’

Georg Simmel and Walter Benjamin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Georg Simmel and Walter Benjamin - Essay Example Georg Simmel lived in Berlin the most part of his life, and this fact of his biography predetermined his views on modern urban life. In his best-known essay, The Metropolis and Mental Life Simmel â€Å"analyzes individual life in the context of modern, metropolitan life, contrasting the social forces and structures of urban life with those of traditional rural and small town settings†. In this work, Georg Simmel underlined that in conditions of the modern city and urban society an individual can successfully develop his skills and abilities, as the economic and political situation of modern and post-modern community promotes individual freedom and flexibility. But in the other hand in modern urban society an individual is under pressure of numerous factors and restrictions, as â€Å"the metropolis is a site or location for social life where the larger structures, forms of contact, and forces such as the money economy threaten ‘the autonomy and individuality’ of t he individual†. So, the situation in modern urban cities leads to the new politics of vision, when an individual has to perceive everything from the point of view of modern urban experience. Simmel underlined that â€Å"the city conspires to erase difference by assaulting the individual with an overwhelming and never-ending stream of visual stimuli†. This vision is inherent to the spacing theory of scientific rationalism, modern and post-modern experience which fills the space with giant cubic forms suppressing the consciousness of people and their freedom. Simmel asserted that "the urban eye must see fast and understand at a glance while walking among the crowd" (Erickson, 2001). All these features form a certain type of people living in large cities in post-modern urban atmosphere. In Simmel's opinion, our society consists of individuals who interact with each other, and this interacting forms features and specificity of our society: "While there is no perception of s ociety until individuals begin to interact, once formed by the interaction of individuals, the society affects the individuals as an outside force" (Crow Ch., et al., 2000). So, taking into account the modern development of such communication means as telephone, telegraph and the Internet one can say that our society has high level of interactions, and, according Georg Simmel, we have high level of social development. He also underlined that post-modern urban life destroyed differences, and people try to make differences inside themselves: "Precisely because conditions conspire to destroy difference, however, the individual feels herself driven to cultivate uniqueness and have it noticed" (Byram, 2002). Walter Benjamin's position is reflected in his main works The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction and Arcades Project. Benjamin considered modern urban

Medical ethics | An analysis

Medical ethics | An analysis Introduction: Medical ethics became one of the most important teaching modules in most of the medical schools especially in the last three decades particularly in US7 . Ethics defined as the study of morality, careful and systematic reflection on and analysis of moral decision and behavior4. Hence the medical ethics is the study of ethics related to medical practice. There are four primary principals for medical ethics where all basic medical teaching teaches to medical students. These are non-malfeasance, beneficence, justice and autonomy with sub sectional principals like truth telling and confidentiality.12 Now a days doctors are facing more ethical questions and dilemmas in day to day clinical practice, this can be partly   attributed to the increase in the knowledge of patients about their health from the media and internet . Studies showed that there is a strong relation between resolving ethical issues and medical errors especially in the area of informed consent and end of life care8. In addition, the court compensation for medico legal cases opened the door for public to find faults for doctors or the health systems to earn some wealth from it! All these made the teaching of how to handle an ethical issue and resolve it very essential to produce a competent skillful physician. Medical schools adopted different styles and methods for teaching medical ethics, it included didactic lecturing, small group seminars, case based discussion and simulated patient but without uniformity or consensus as to method or content7. This could be as a result of lack of agreement about what shall we teach in medical ethics7. At sultan Qaboose University, medical students have a one interdisciplinary  Ã‚   activity (IDA) week for medical ethics during their mid of fifth year. During this week speakers from different medical and surgical specialties present to the students a common ethical issues encounter. This week is also attended by Islamic scholar (Professor Albar) to comment on Islamic perspective in selective cases like abortion and end of life care . As co-organizer of the course I introduced the presentation of clinical cases by the student to the entire group. I asked each subgroup of the students to select a case where there is an ethical issue and reflect on what was done and how can we improve it. I found the reflect practice theory is very suitable for teaching of medical ethics because it stimulates the thinking and give the students the opportunity to analyze the ethical dilemma and how to resolve it. The Theory: The theory of reflective practice is attributed primarily to Donald Schà ¶n3, 5. In life and based on our knowledge and experience we take decision easily to events that we are expecting and used to experience. However when surprise or unexpected event take place, based on Schà ¶n theory, people develop two types of reflection to that event. The first one is Reflection in action and it occurs immediately.It is the ability to learn and develop continually by creatively applying current and past experiences and reasoning to unfamiliar events while they are occurring5. The second, reflection on action, occurs later. It is a process of thinking back on what happened in a past situation, what may have contributed to the unexpected event, whether the actions taken were appropriate, and how this situation may affect future practice 5. The reflection in action can be considered as an emergency decision in which the physician should take the risk of being mistaken, however, this type of d ecision should be appreciated by people in authority if later turned to be not the perfect way of handling it and that is because it was taken based on the inputs of that situation and surrounding circumstances unless it is clearly odd approach. In contrast, the reflection on action comes later when the physician finished all duties and started re-calling cases seen and decisions taken. At this point s/he will start to bring other options and thoughts that could serve the situation better than the ones taken. This extremely important because it enables us to spend time exploring why we acted as we did, what was happening in a group and so on13. In addition if this type of reflection done in group (Peer) will lead to even more reasonable and appropriate reaction to the surprise14. Since this paper discusses the teaching of medical ethics, the following example will illustrate this approach. A 32 years old pregnant lady in her 3rd trimester involved in car accident and sustained severe head injury , brought to the casualty and treating physician confirmed her death but noticed that the baby still kicking !. Limited experience and lack of awareness about the regulation of such the situation made it a surprise for the physician. He used his basic knowledge of saving life and decided to perform postmortem caesarian section (PMCS) and a second surprise came when the husband arrived to refused PMCS!! . Reflection on action for such case is extremely crucial to reach to an approach which is ethical, legal and satisfy the patient. It is usually reached when the case is presented to the peer and each one is discussing different perspective of the case. In the previous example the reflection on action could be asking a senior physician on duty be a good option for the c ase. Application: At college of medicine in sultan Qaboose University, medical students are divided in group each composed of about 10 to 15 students (Boys and Girls). Each group will be asked to prepare a clinical case seen in practice where there was an ethical issue (e.g. breaching confidentiality) and one or two of the group members will present the case to whole group during the medical ethics week forum. Students will be informed in advance about the objectives and strategies of this approach and each group will linked to a facilitator who is usually senior medical/paramedical faculty with experience of making difficult medical decisions6. The group will keep in touch with facilitator either in person or online (e.g. email) to show the contents, structure and suitability of the case for presentation and discussion. The facilitator will guide the students in selecting the case and how to formulate the ethical issue and its resolution and use steps in table-1 adopted from Catherine Myser.9, 11 S/he will also teach them some basic ethical principal like doctors should refrain from being judgmental, patronizing or minipulative2. S/he will direct them to the appropriate resources and personals whenever required. In Oman, many decisions of ethical dilemma are driven by Islamic teaching and this is very prevalent in medical field, hence students will be directed to Islamic scholars who have some medical background in order to help them understanding Islamic teaching in medical field. During the medical ethics IDA week forum, each group will present their case to the entire group in the presence of the facilitators. The presentation will be briefing about the case, the ethical issue, what was done, and how can we do better? More time will be given for discussion and comments by other students who are not member of the presenting group. The discussion will be regulated and guided by the facilitator supervising the presenting group. At the end of discussion the facilitator will re solve any argument and give the final comment summarizing the ethical issue and the best way to deal with it. Discussion: Medical schools around the world used different models in teaching medical ethics; the variation in selection of teaching model could rise from the availability of resources, number of students and curriculum design. For example, both university of Pennsylvania and university of Washington used small group facilitation and peer interaction while uniformed services university introduced a novel model called SCOOP which stand for Students Clinical Observation Of Preceptors11 . A SCOOP reverses the process of evaluation by giving the students evaluation form and ask them to evaluate the teachers. This gives them the opportunity to identify the teaching skills and methods reflect on them and hence acquire the appropriate one and avoid the other one. Shaheen and his group wrote in commentary about time to unified approach to medical ethics where he advocated for unified framework of ethics education justifying that it will   ensures measurable and accountable basis for the complex o f far-reaching ethical issues present in the medical field7 . However, it is difficult and impractical to unify the contents and materials of medical ethics for different parts of the world where there is a diversity of culture, believe and traditional values. That is because most of the ethical decisions are driven by these factors. For example, In Oman (and other Muslims countries) it is forbidden to drink any amount of alcohol as per the Islamic teaching, hence it is unethical to advice patient to drink alcohol as part of heart protection advice while the same advice can be carried out normally in non-Muslim country. However, I support the statement of Rameshkumar in his paper Ethics in medical curriculum when he said The structure of ethics education has to be closely monitored and the curriculum goals have to be well defined.10 The strength of this proposal is that there is national and international move toward teaching of medical ethics to both pre and post graduates students. Most of the senior physicians who did not have training in medical ethics realized that it made a gap in their qualification and they urge the new generation in order not to miss the chance. In Oman the support of the current and previous deans of college of medicine at sultan Qaboose University along with other many medical faculties will make this proposal overcome any obstacles. In addition, there interest of health care providers from different medical disciplines in any activities in medical ethics (workshop, seminars and lectures) will prepare the ground and the environment for the proposal to grow up at the university. This interest always clears during our annual medical ethics week where we get several requests from different institutes and departments asking for registration to the event although the week primarily designe d for medical students. The challenges that this proposal might face is the limited resources that include trained personals and teaching material. The later is easier to overcome since it merely financial and the college is ready to provide any recommended teaching material as long as there is a clear vision and mission of its utilization. In term of training personals, there are already two faculties sent abroad for master in bioethics. In addition, there are several faculties who has special interest in teaching of ethics, all these will make the overcome of human resources obstacles more feasible.  Ã‚   Recommendation: In order to implement this theory in teaching medical ethics to medical students I recommend the college to consider the following points: Identify and train people interested in teaching of medical ethics. The training should be for high degree ( Master , PhD ) and it is preferred to be in a center where culture and value of people are close to Oman. Provide teaching resources and materials to students. It should include textbooks, journals, video etc. Instruct the clinicians to integrate teaching of issues related to medical ethics in their daily patient care. Include assessment of medical ethics in the standard summative and formative methods of assessment in the college. Regular evaluation and audit of the program in order be developed farther .

Trail of Tears :: history

Trail of Tears The Trail of Tears, was it unjust and inhumane? What happened to the Cherokee during that long and treacherous journey? They were brave and listened to the government, but they recieved unproductive land and lost their tribal land. The white settlers were already emigrating to the Union, or America. The East coast was burdened with new settlers and becoming vastly populated. President Andrew Jackson and the government had to find a way to move people to the West to make room. President Andrew Jackson passed the Indian Removal Policy in the year 1830. The Indian Removal Policy which called for the removal of Native Americans from the Tennessee, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia area, also moved their capital Echota in Tennessee to the new capital call New Echota, Georgia and then eventually to the Indian Territory. The Indian Territory was declared in the Act of Congress in 1830 with the Indian Removal Policy. Elias Boudinot, Major Ridge, and John Ridge and there corps accepted the responsibility for the removal of one of the largest tribes in the Southeast that were the earliest to adapt to European ways. There was a war involving the Cherokee and the Chickasaw before the Indian Removal Policy was passed. The Cherokee were defeated by them which caused Chief Dragging Canoe to sign a treaty in 1777 to split up their tribe and have the portion of the tribe in Chattanooga, Tennessee called the Chickamauga. Chief Doublehead of the Chickamauga, a branch of the Cherokee, signed a treaty to give away their lands. Tribal law says "Death to any Cherokee who proposed to sell or exchange tribal land." Chief Doublehead was later executed by Major Ridge. Again there was another treaty signed in December 29, 1835 which is called The Treaty of New Echota. It was signed by a party of 500 Cherokee out of about 17,000. Between 1785 and 1902 twenty-five treaties were signed with white men to give up their tribal lands. The Cherokee would find themselves in a nightmare for the next year. In 1838 General Winfield Scott got tired of delaying this longer than the 2 years he waited already so he took charge in collecting the Cherokee. The Cherokee were taken from their homes and their belongings. The were placed in holding camps so none would escape. The Cherokee were to be moved in the fall of 1838. Trail of Tears :: history Trail of Tears The Trail of Tears, was it unjust and inhumane? What happened to the Cherokee during that long and treacherous journey? They were brave and listened to the government, but they recieved unproductive land and lost their tribal land. The white settlers were already emigrating to the Union, or America. The East coast was burdened with new settlers and becoming vastly populated. President Andrew Jackson and the government had to find a way to move people to the West to make room. President Andrew Jackson passed the Indian Removal Policy in the year 1830. The Indian Removal Policy which called for the removal of Native Americans from the Tennessee, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia area, also moved their capital Echota in Tennessee to the new capital call New Echota, Georgia and then eventually to the Indian Territory. The Indian Territory was declared in the Act of Congress in 1830 with the Indian Removal Policy. Elias Boudinot, Major Ridge, and John Ridge and there corps accepted the responsibility for the removal of one of the largest tribes in the Southeast that were the earliest to adapt to European ways. There was a war involving the Cherokee and the Chickasaw before the Indian Removal Policy was passed. The Cherokee were defeated by them which caused Chief Dragging Canoe to sign a treaty in 1777 to split up their tribe and have the portion of the tribe in Chattanooga, Tennessee called the Chickamauga. Chief Doublehead of the Chickamauga, a branch of the Cherokee, signed a treaty to give away their lands. Tribal law says "Death to any Cherokee who proposed to sell or exchange tribal land." Chief Doublehead was later executed by Major Ridge. Again there was another treaty signed in December 29, 1835 which is called The Treaty of New Echota. It was signed by a party of 500 Cherokee out of about 17,000. Between 1785 and 1902 twenty-five treaties were signed with white men to give up their tribal lands. The Cherokee would find themselves in a nightmare for the next year. In 1838 General Winfield Scott got tired of delaying this longer than the 2 years he waited already so he took charge in collecting the Cherokee. The Cherokee were taken from their homes and their belongings. The were placed in holding camps so none would escape. The Cherokee were to be moved in the fall of 1838.

Automatic Railway Level Crossing

AUTOMATED UNMANNED RAILWAY LEVEL CROSSING Abstract: In the rapidly flourishing country like ours, accidents in the unmanned level crossings are increasing day by day. No fruitful steps have been taken so far in these areas. The objective of our project is to provide an automatic railway gate at a level-crossing replacing the gates operated by the gatekeeper. It deals with two things. Firstly, it deals with the reduction of time for which the gate is being kept closed. And secondly, it provides safety to the road users by reducing the accidents.By employing the automatic railway gate control at the level crossing the arrival of the train is detected by the sensors placed near to the gate and transmits the information to the gate controller via wired or wireless. Hence, the time for which it is closed is less compared to the manually operated gates. The operation is automatic i. e. , error due to manual operation is prevented. By employing the automatic railway gate control at the leve l crossing the arrival of train is detected by the sensor placed on either side of the gate at about 3km from the level crossing.Hence, the time for which it is closed is less compared to the manually operated gates and also reduces the human labour. This type of gates can be employed in an unmanned level crossing where the chances of accidents are higher and reliable operation is required. Since, the operation is automatic error due to manual operation will be prevented. Once the arrival of the train is sensed, the sensed signal is sent to the microcontroller via, wired or wireless transmission and it checks for possible presence of vehicle between the gates.Subsequently, buzzer indication and light signals on either side are provided to the road users indicating the closure of gates. Once, no vehicle is sensed in between the gate the motor is activated and the gates are closed. But, for the worst case if any obstacle is sensed it is indicated to the train driver by signals (RED) p laced at about 1km, so as to bring it to halt well before the level crossing. When no obstacle is sensed GREEN light is indicated, and the train is to free to move. The departure of the train is detected by sensors placed at about 1km from the ate. The signal about the departure is sent to the microcontroller, which in turn operates the motor in reverse way and opens the gate. Thus, the time for which the gate is closed is less compared to the manually operated gates. Also reliability is high as it is not subjected to manual errors. Components : IR sensors or Vibration sensors, Microcontroller, L293D(driver IC), Stepper motor, Wireless Transmitter and Receiver, power supply. HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION Micro Controller Totally 40-pin DIP package manufactured withCMOS Technology. L293D (motor driver IC) Racially L293D 16DIP /ULN 2003 IC is used to drive the stepper motor. STEPPER MOTOR This is used to open and close the gates automatically when it is rotated clock wise or anticlockwise d irection. Stepper motor requires 500m amps current, so use the L293D drivers to drive the stepper motor. SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION Keil By 1. B. BHARATH KUMAR REDDY – 113004045 2. P SAMBASIVA RAO – 113004161 3. T. RANGA VINOD KUMAR – 113004207 4. T. SIVA NARAYANA REDDY – 113004205

Causas y consecuencias de negación de ingreso a USA

Causas y consecuencias de negacià ³n de ingreso a USA Cada aà ±o millones de personas que llegan a un aeropuerto de EEUU u otro punto legal de entrada como fronteras terrestres o puertos. Ms de 200 mil se encuentran con el problema de que son devueltos al lugar del que vienen. Este es un problema que afecta tanto a los extranjeros que viajan con visa no inmigrante como a los que desean ingresar a Estados Unidos sin visado por pertenecer a un paà ­s del Programa de Exencià ³n de Visas o, incluso, con una tarjeta de residencia permanente.   Y es que los à ºnicos a los que no se le puede impedir el ingreso en los Estados Unidos es a los ciudadanos estadounidenses, quienes tienen que presentar un documento vlido que acredite esa condicià ³n y permita el paso migratorio. En este artà ­culo se informa sobre cà ³mo es el control migratorio donde pueden surgir problemas, las razones ms comunes por las que se niega el ingreso a los Estados Unidos, cules son las consecuencias y una referencia a estadà ­sticas y a sistemas que permiten acelerar el paso migratorio. El control migratorio en los puntos de ingreso a los Estados Unidos Estados Unidos tiene un total de 329 Puntos de Entrada, lo que se conoce por sus siglas en inglà ©s como POE y que son fronteras terrestres, puertos y aeropuertos con controles migratorios internacionales. El control consta de dos partes, primero, uno migratorio y, despuà ©s, otro pero de aduanas. Para el migratorio se forman dos filas, una exclusivamente para ciudadanos a los que pueden acompaà ±ar sus familiares inmediatos extranjeros, y otra para todos los dems. En algunos casos es posible formar parte de programas que aceleran este paso, de lo cual se explica ms al final del artà ­culo. Como regla general, el control migratorio se demora entre 10 y 30 segundos. Es posible que se envà ­e a una persona a lo que se conoce como doble inspeccià ³n. No tiene que ser algo malo. Por ejemplo, todas las personas con advance parole pasan por esa situacià ³n.   Sà ³lo despuà ©s de haber obtenido el OK migratorio se pasa a la inspeccià ³n aduanera. Y ya a partir de ahà ­ se ingresa a los Estados Unidos.    ¿Por quà © son devueltos por inmigracià ³n desde los aeropuertos u otros puestos fronterizos legales? Las razones son varias destacando: En el caso especà ­fico de los residentes permanentes, puede que se llegue a la conclusià ³n de que no est residiendo en los Estados Unidos y ahà ­ pueden surgir muchos problemas. En todos los dems casos, puede suceder que la  visa se ha cancelado pero su titular no lo sabe. En los casos del Programa de Exencià ³n de visas si la persona ha estado previamente en USA y se ha excedido de los 90 dà ­as permitidos, ha perdido este privilegio y si viaja sin visa no se le dejar ingresar. Pero el caso ms comà ºn es que el oficial de inmigracià ³n sospecha que la persona tiene la intencià ³n de  quedarse en Estados Unidos o a buscar trabajo ilegalmente o lo ha hecho en el pasado. No importa que se tenga una visa en regla, ese oficial es el que tiene la à ºltima palabra. Recordar que de todas las visas temporales, incluida la de turista, solo las H-1B y las L son de doble intencià ³n, es decir, sà ³lo con ellas se puede tener la intencià ³n de emigrar. El oficial de inmigracià ³n ve en la computadora del sistema TECS que el extranjero es inadmisible para los Estados Unidos o inelegible para la visa que porta por cualquier razà ³n. Un ejemplo de esto à ºltimo es un turista que viene con la intencià ³n de casarse y quedarse en el paà ­s. El oficial de inmigracià ³n tambià ©n puede ver si la persona tiene pendiente una orden de arresto. Si es asà ­, eso es lo que va a pasar. Segà ºn los à ºltimos datos conocidos en un sà ³lo aà ±o fiscal se detuvieron a 24,000 personas cuando intentaban ingresar a Estados Unidos. En casos excepcionales, el oficial de inmigracià ³n puede permitir ingresar a USA a un extranjero sin los documentos necesarios. Ello es asà ­ porque le da lo que se conoce como un parole. Por ejemplo, a las personas que de un modo creà ­ble solicitan asilo en una frontera, puerto o aeropuerto. Quà © puede pasar en un control migratorio En la inmensa mayorà ­a de los casos, no pasa absolutamente nada y se ingresa sin incidencias. Pero para las personas que tienen problemas hay que destacar dos cosas: Primero, que en el control migratorio no se tiene derecho a abogado, excepto si se ha seà ±alado que una persona es objeto de una investigacià ³n criminal. Adems, las autoridades tienen derecho a registrar sin autorizacià ³n judicial previa el equipaje de cualquier persona y tambià ©n sus aparatos electrà ³nicos, como computadoras, telà ©fonos, tabletas, cmaras digitales, etc. Y segundo, cuando a una persona extranjera no se la deja ingresar hay que saber exactamente quà © pasà ³. Porque pueden darse situaciones tan diversas como: se permite una retira de la peticià ³n de ingresar y se pone en la visa I-275ocurre una expulsià ³n inmediataun residente firma su renuncia a la green card Si ha surgido un problema, lo mejor a partir de ahà ­ es consultar con un abogado migratorio para ver quà © pasos a seguir, segà ºn sea el caso de cada uno.  ¿Quà © tan problemtico es el control migratorio en Estados Unidos? Cada aà ±o, ms de 360 millones de viajeros, entre estadounidenses y extranjeros, cruzan un puerto de entrada al paà ­s.  De ellos, un poco ms de cien millones ingresan por aeropuertos, siendo el modo ms comà ºn de ingreso el cruce de una frontera terrestre. Aproximadamente, unos 320 mil viajeros no pueden ingresar, lo cual es un nà ºmero grande pero pequeà ±o comparado con el total.    ¿Es posible evitar las largas filas? En algunos puertos de entrada o en determinadas fechas las demoras para pasar el control migratorio pueden ser muy largas, particularmente en los puentes internacionales.   Existen diferentes tipos de programas que permiten ingresos ms rpidos que aplican a unos viajeros o a otros segà ºn nacionalidades y lugar de ingreso, pero merece la pena familiarizarse con esas posibilidades de ingresos acelerados, como Global Entry, Nexus o Sentri. Consejo Evita problemas en el control de aduanas conociendo quà © se puede ingresar y quà © est sujeto a ser declarado.

What We Take for Granted essays

What We Take for Granted essays People always say its the little things that we take for granted. Whether it be being able to talk with someone, or hold someone, or even just being able to tell what time of day it is. In Dalton Trumbos novel, Johnny Got His Gun, one really begins to understands what it would be like to have very simple things taken away from them. Joe Bonhame, finds himself tragically injured from the war. Over time he slowly begins to realize all of the things that he has lost. The first thing that he loses is his hearing. He was awake even though he couldnt hear a thing except a telephone that wasnt ringing. He was mighty scared(p9). At first Joe doesnt realize that he has lost his hearing and he is under the impression that there is actually a phone ringing somewhere, but, its really only in his mind. But once he realizes that he actually cant hear anything at all, he goes into a state of shock almost. The shock caused his heart to smash against his ribs. He grew prickly all over. His heart was pounding away in his chest but he couldnt hear the pulsing in his ear(p10). He then begins to think about all the things that he will never again get to experience. At first he thinks about all the bad things that he wont have to ever have to deal with hearing again. He never wanted to hear the biting little castanent sound of a machine gun or the high whistle of a .75 coming down fast or the slow thunder as it hit or the whine of an airplane overhead...(p10-11). But as he stops and really starts to think about what this all means, he then realizes all the little things that he has taken for granted; the things that he wants to hear again. His mother was singing the kitchen. He could hear her singing there and the sound of her voice was the sound of home(p15). Sadly though, Joe ...

The Final Solution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Final Solution - Essay Example The derivation of â€Å"The Final Solution† can be witnessed in the period between 1939 and 1941. The fruition of this genocide was based on the religious disparity existing between the Jews and the Christians. In the 1939s the Christian leaders witnessed a failure in demonstrating Jesus as ‘Messiah’ before the fellow Jews which indeed fuelled up the adversarial correlation among the two religious groups (Browning, C. R., â€Å"The Origins of the Final Solution: The Evolution of Nazi Jewish Policy, September 1939-March 1942†). However, the antagonism among these religious groups was witnessed long before the plan was factually determined, i.e. in the 1919 in which Adolf Hitler played a grave function. It is worth mentioning that he was the most evident personality who grounded the need to destroy the Jews from the country with his â€Å"Jewish Question† (McFee, â€Å"When did Hitler Decide on the Final Solution?†). As he stated in 1919s in his letters, â€Å"Jews were a race and not a religion† and that it was quite important for the European government to abolish this race in order to attain â€Å"national strength† (Kershaw, â€Å"Hitler’s Role in the â€Å"Final Solution†Ã¢â‚¬ ). The ultimate execution of â€Å"The Final Solution† was planned in the Wannsee Conference in the early 1942. Reinhard Heydrich, who was recognized to be the second in charge of the RF-SS of Himmler, coordinated around 15 Nazi bureaucrats belonging to the top level of the Nazi society in the conference which was held in Berlin. These Nazi leaders were affirmed to execute the plan to abolish a targeted number of 11 million Jews from Europe, which shall be instigated from Germany (Zapotoczny, â€Å"The Final Solution†). Although the plan was instigated from Germany in 1942, it was extended to the added parts of Europe including Poland, Greece, Hungary, France and others. The plan came to an end in the year 1944. With the rapidly increasing number of deaths of Jewish people a rescue committee was set in Budapest titled as Jewish Rescue Committee. The committee proposed to settle a contract with the European government which stated that in return of large quantities of tea, coffee, sugar, war materials and other goods, the government would spare the lives of the rest 800,000 Jews left in Europe (Breitman and Aronson, â€Å"The End of the "Final Solution"?: Nazi Plans to Ransom Jews in 1944†). By the year of the winding up of the plan in 1944, almost 5,933,900 Jews were annihilated by the Nazi leaders amounting to 67% of the total Jew population (The American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise, â€Å"Estimated Number of Jews Killed in The Final Solution†). Undoubtedly, the entire act created a long lasting and profound impact not only on the social aspects of human lives, but also in the political, economical and military dimensions. In the 20th century, the rise of Nazi l eaders to sovereignty in the European continent headed towards the state-enforced racial discriminations. As a consequence, the economic environment of Germany, Poland and other nations of Europe had to witness terrific fluctuations. Several policies and anti-Jewish regimes were enforced in the period, such as â€Å"Aryanization†, â€Å"Night of Broken Glass† and others (United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, â€Å"The "Final Solution"†). The consequences of the so called â€Å"

Corporate Social Responsibility and Globalisation Essay

Corporate Social Responsibility and Globalisation - Essay Example The discussion mainly focuses on the ethical principles underlying social responsibility in the business world. Ultimately, this essay argues that CSR becomes more and more important as globalisation rapidly develops. Confronting the growing environmental issues in the current global marketplace, MNCs are aggressively or constructively taking part in strategic programmes towards resource management and environmental preservation. Dedication of global businesses to sustainable initiatives are motivated by several internal and external factors, such as social activism, technological improvements encouraging sustainable programmes, customer demand for ecologically friendly goods and/or services, and governments’ environmental policies (Wilson 2000). Concerns about the corporate social responsibilities have been the point of contention for decades. However, recently, a new approach towards the issue has emerged and prevailed (Lechner & Boli 2004). Both in the corporate domain and beyond it, there is far-reaching and mounting advocacy for the existing idea of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). ... A particular explanation for this may be the perception that global corporations are not as impregnable as they were believed to be in the past; hence, their operations can be controlled to profit society (Wilson 2000). According to Bomann-Larsen and Wiggen (2004), another explanation could be a perception that successful legal regulation of businesses whose operations reach outside national boundaries is unlikely, making self-regulation as the sole realistic, feasible option. Thus, MNCs should self-regulate in a way that promotes the wellbeing of the society and its citizens. CSR has been controversial for decades, and some aspects of the subject matter have been introduced by ethicists. This controversy has been broadened recently to encompass the practices of MNCs. Even nowadays, the long-standing issue still reverberates through the halls of international corporations across the globe: â€Å"If it is legal, does that make it ethical?† (Manakkalathil & Rudolf 1995, 29) The emphasis of the word ‘ethics’ can be related to views concerning what is moral and what is not; one description of ethics may be the explanation of what comprises human wellbeing and the actions needed to support it. The concept of ‘ethical norms’ is brought into play to characterise compliance to generally accepted moral codes (Sullivan 2002). Consequently, according to Sims (2003), these moral codes are ruled mostly by values, traditions, and behaviour that a society implements as parameters for interpersonal manners. Hence, corporate social responsibility is tantamount to societal norms and values, which then implies that MNCs should formulate objectives that are congruent to